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APA Style Examples Typical book entry -- single author Capitalize only the first word of the title (and the first word of the subtitle, if any) and any proper names. Include any additional information necessary for retrieving the book (such as "3rd ed." or "Vol. 4") in parentheses, immediately after the title. Spell out the publishing names of associations and university presses, but omit superfluous terms such as "Publishers," "Co.," or "Inc." If two or more locations are given, give the location listed first or the publisher's home office. Close with a final period. Multiple authors Festinger, L., Riecken, H., & Schachter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Roeder, K. et al. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Corporate authorship No author identified Citing items in an anthology Reprinted or republished books Following the entry, enclose "Original work published" in parentheses, noting the original date. Citing multivolume works In listing a multivolume work, the publication dates
should be inclusive for all volumes. The volumes should be identified,
in parentheses, immediately following the book title. Do not use
a period between the title and the parenthetical information;
close the entire title, including the volume information, with
a period. The series title should be included immediately following the book title and should not be underlined. Close with a period. Edited collections or Grice, H. P., & Gregory, R. L. (Eds.). (1968). Early language development. New York: McGraw-Hill. Citing specific editions of a book Immediately after the book's title, note the edition information in parentheses (for example, "5th ed." or "rev. ed."). Do not use a period between the title and the parenthetical information. Translated works The original publication date is the last portion of the entry and should be in parentheses with the note "Original work published" followed by the date. Journals Citing articles in journals with non-continuous
pagination Because pagination begins anew with each issue of this journal, it is necessary to include the issue number in parentheses after the volume number. Note that there is a comma between the issue number and the page numbers, but no comma between the underlined volume number and the issue number. Citing articles in monthly periodicals Citing articles in weekly periodicals Newspaper articles No author identified Reprinted or republished articles Following the entry, enclose "Reprinted from" in parentheses, noting the original publication information. Close with a period. ERIC Documents (Report available from the Educational
Resources Information Center)
Other Media In this example, the interview lacks a title, so a description of the interview is given in brackets. If the interview has a title, include the title (without quotation marks) after the year, and then give a further description in brackets if necessary. Unpublished interviews do not need a reference page entry because they are what the Publication Manual of the APA calls "personal communications" and so "do not provide recoverable data." Here, the entry consists of the first initial and last name of the interviewee, the type of communication, and the date of the interview. (N. Archer, personal interview, October 11, 1993) Citing films or videotapes Here, the main people responsible for the videotape are given, with their roles identified in parentheses after their names. After the title, the medium is identified (here, a videotape). The distributor's name and location comprises the last part of the entry. Citing recordings The name of the speaker, singer or significant contributors are listed at the head of the entry, last names first. Each name is followed by a description in parentheses of that individual's function (in this example, McFerrin is the vocalist), and a period should appear after the final parenthesis. After listing the date in parentheses followed by a period, underline the title, and specify in brackets the type of recording (cassette, compact disc, etc.). If a number is necessary to identify the recording, use parentheses rather than brackets and list the number like this: (Cassette Recording No. 8745). Conclude the entry with the place of production, and the distributor's name. Electronic Information Citing computer software The name(s) of the programmers are listed at the head of the entry, last names first, followed by a period. After listing the date in parentheses followed by a period, underline the title, and specify in brackets that the source is a computer program. List the location and the organization's name that produced the program. Add any other necessary information for identifying the program (in this example, the report number) in parentheses at the entry's conclusion. Full-Text Database (i.e., book, magazine,
or newspaper article or report) Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1998, March). Encryption: Impact on law enforcement. Washington, D.C.: Publisher. Retrieved from SIRS database (SIRS Government Reporter, CD-ROM, Fall 1998 release) Schneiderman, R. A. (1997). Librarians can make sense of the Net. San Antonio Business Journal, 11(31), pp. 58+. Retrieved January 27, 1999 from EBSCO database (Masterfile) on the World Wide Web: http://www.ebsco.com World Wide Web Sometimes authors are not identified, and there is no "last update" showing for the document. Date website was accessed should be used and efforts should be made to identify the sponsoring author/organization of the website. If none is found, do not list an author. Periodical article (E-Journal) E-Mail or newsgroup posting |
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