cummings, andré douglas pond. Approving a State Ballot Initiative to Remove the Punishment Clause from the 13th Amendment of the Arkansas Constitution. Arkansas House of Representatives, House State Agencies and Governmental Affairs Committee, Little Rock, AR March 17, 2021.
The 13th Amendment to both the Arkansas and U.S. Constitution includes a clause that allows involuntary servitude if an individual is duly convicted of a crime, thereby allowing slavery to exist in U.S. and Arkansas prisons. Professor andré cummings testified in front of the House Committee arguing that it is time for AR to end all forms of slavery
