cummings, andré douglas pond. Meek Mill’s Trauma: Brutal Policing as an Adverse Childhood Experience. International Hip Hop Activism Conference, Salt Lake City, UT (December 10, 2021).
Childhood trauma, known as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), has been shown to lead to debilitating adult health outcomes. Individuals who suffer six or more ACEs will have a life expectancy that is 20 years less than a person who experiences no ACEs. Dean cummings argues that police brutality against black Americans should be seen as a new ACE
